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GLOSSARY | ||
| مؤشر المتوسط المتحك للتباعد والتقارب MACD | ||
| تحسب قيمة هذا المؤشر بطرح قيمة (المتوسط المتحر الأسي لفترة 26 يوم) من ( المتوسط المتحرك الأسي لفترة 12 يوم) . الناتج هو متوسط متحرك أسي لفترة 9 أيام ويستخدم كمنحنى اشارة . | ||
| في حال أن المتوسط 12 يوم أعلى من المتوسط المتحرك 26 يوم فإن المؤشر MACD يعتبر ايجابي . والعكس ، إذا كان المتوسط المتحرك 12 يوم تحت المتوسط المتحرك 26 يوم يعتبر المؤشر MACD سلبياً . | ||
| إذا كان المؤشر MACD ايجابياً وصاعداً ، فإن المسافة بين المتوسط المتحرك 12 يوم والمتوسط المتحرك 26 يوم تزداد . هذا يشير إلى أن معدل التغير للمتوسط السريع (12 يوم) أكبر من معدل التغير للمتوسط المتحرك البطيئ (متوسط 26 يوم) . أي أن قوة الاندفاع ايجابية وفي نمو وهذا أمر تفاؤلياً . | ||
| أما اذا كان المؤشر MACD سلبياً وهابطاً ، فإن المسافة السلبية بين المنحنيين تزداد بحيث المتوسط 12 يوم تحت المتوسط 26 . وهذا يعني أن قوة الهبوط في ازدياد أي الوضع يزداد تشاؤماً . | ||
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قاعدة التداول العامة هي أنه من الافضل البيع عندما يهبط المؤشر MACD تحت خط
الاشارة (المتوسط المتحرك 9 ايام) ، والشراء عندما يصعد اعلى من المتوسط 9 أيام .
خبرات المتداولين المختلفة تجعل بعضهم يختار متوسط أيام مختلفة ولكن المدأ هو
المذكور أعلاه .
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| Average Directional Index (ADX) | ||
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ADX evaluates the strength of the current trend, be it up or down. It's important to determine whether the market is trending or trading (moving sideways), because certain indicators give more useful results depending on the market doing one or the other. ADX is an oscillator that fluctuates between 0 and 100. Even though the scale is from 0 to 100, readings above 60 are relatively rare. Low readings, below 20, indicate a weak trend and high readings, above 40, indicate a strong trend. The indicator does not grade the trend as bullish or bearish,
but merely assesses the strength of the current trend. A buy signal occurs when
+DI moves above -DI and a sell signal when -DI moves above the +DI. |
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| مؤشر القوة النسبية RSI | ||
| المؤشر RSI يشير إلى مدى المبالغة في الشراء أو البيع ، ويكون صاعداً عندما السوق قوي ونازلاعندما يكون السوق ضعيفاً . | ||
| مجال تذبذب المؤشر هو بين مستوى الصفر ومستوى 100 . عادة اذا صعد المؤشر أعلى من مستوى 30 ، يعتبر وضع السهم تفاؤلياً (أي يميل إلى الصعود) . وبالعكس ، اذا هبط المؤشر تحت مستوى 70 ، يعتبر وضع السهم تشاؤمياً (أي يميل للهبوط) . منتصف المسافة للمؤشر هي عند مستوى 50 ووجوده فوق هذا المستوى يعكس تفاؤل . أما وجوده تحت هذا المستوى يعكس تشاؤم . | ||
| قد يبقى السهم في حيز المبالغة للشراء أو المبالغة في البيع لفترات طويلة . لذلك لا ننصح بالتداول اذا خترق السهم مستوى 70 أو 30 إلى أن يعود ويخترق هذا المستوى في الاتجاه المضاد . أي مثلاً ، في حال هبوط المؤشر تحت مستوى 30 ، لا ينصح بالشراء إلى أن يعود ويرتد لأعلى ويخترث مستوى 30 صعوداً . | ||
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| مؤشر قناة السلع CCI : | ||
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هذا المؤشر يقيس ويقارن سعر السهم مع المتوسط المتحرك للسعر . يكشف هذا المؤشر مدى المبالغة في البيع وأو المبالغة في الشراء ، كما يبين اذا كان الاتجاه العام للسهم آخذ بالضعف . |
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| يشابه المؤشر بولينجر ولكنه على شكل منحنى وليس خطين كبولينجر يحددان مستويات المبالغة في الشراء أو البيع . | ||
| في حال هبوط منحنى المؤشر CCI تحت مستوى -100 يعتبر به مبالغة في البيع . وفي حال صعوده أعلى من مستوى +100 يعتبر به مبالغة في الشراء . | ||
| في حال ارتداد المؤشر صعوداً من عند مستوى -100 فإن ذلك يعتبر اشارة للشراء أو على الاقل علامة قوة . بينما في حال هبوطه واختراقه نزولاً مستوى +100 فإن ذلك يعتبر اشارة للبيع أو على الاقل علامة ضعف | ||
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| Directional Movement Index | ||
| Directional movement is a system for providing trading signals to be used for price breaks from a trading range. The system involves 5 indicators which are the Directional Movement Index (DX), the plus Directional Indicator (+DI), the minus Directional Indicator (-DI), the average Directional Movement (ADX) and the Directional movement rating (ADXR). | ||
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| Average True Range | ||
| The Average True Range
indicator is used for determining the volatility of the security. The idea is
to replace the high - low interval for the given period, as the high-low does
not take into consideration gaps and limit moves. |
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| Volume | ||
| The number of shares
or contracts traded in a security or an entire market during a given period of
time. It is simply the amount of shares that trade hands from sellers to
buyers as a measure of activity. . |
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| Stochastic Oscillator | ||
| Stochastic Oscillator
is a measure of the relative momentum of current prices to previous closing
prices within a given interval. When it is plotted, it is two lines that move
within a range of 0 and 100. Values above 80 are considered to be in
overbought territory giving an indication that a reversal in price is
possible. Values below 20 are considered oversold and again are an indication
that a reversal of the price trend is a higher risk. In a strong trending
environment, the Stochastic Oscillator can stay in overbought or oversold
territory for some time while price continues in a single direction. The Stochastic Oscillator has two components: %K (black) and %D (red). The most widely used method for interpreting the Stochastic Oscillator is to buy when either component rises above 80 or sell when either component falls below 20. Another way to interpret the Stochastic Oscillator is to buy when %K rises above %D, and conversely, sell when %K falls below %D. The indicator is considered bullish, when above 80, and bearish, when below 20. |
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| Stochastic RSI | ||
| Stochastic-RSI is an
oscillator that measures the level of RSI relative to
its range, over a set period of time. The indicator uses RSI as the foundation
and applies to it the formula behind Stochastics. The result is an oscillator
that fluctuates between 0 and 1. Stochastic-RSI measures the value of RSI
relative to its high/low range over a set number of periods. |
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| Fast Stochastic | ||
| The Stochastic Oscillator is a measure of the relative momentum of current prices to previous closing prices within a given interval. When it is plotted, it is two lines that move within a range of 0 and 100. Values above 80 are considered to be in overbought territory giving an indication that a reversal in price is possible. Values below 20 are considered oversold and again are an indication that a reversal of the price trend is a higher risk. In a strong trending environment, the Stochastic Oscillator can stay in overbought or oversold territory for some time while price continues in a single direction. In relation to a longer term price trend environment, the stochastic provides little interest. | ||
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| Slow Stochastic | ||
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The Slow Stochastic applies further smoothing to the Stochastic oscillator, to
reduce volatility and improve signal accuracy. . |
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| Rate of Change (ROC) | ||
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Price Rate-of-Change (ROC) is a refinement of Momentum - readings
fluctuate as percentages around the zero line. The indicator is designed for use
in ranging markets - to detect trend weakness and likely reversal points.
However, when combined with a trend indicator, it can be used in trending
markets. |
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| Price Volume Indicator | ||
| On Balance Volume
- Volume is the number of shares or contracts that change ownership over a
given period of time. It is an indication of supply and demand that is
independent from price and can relate a great deal about the relative
enthusiasm of buyers and sellers in the market place. On Balance Volume is one
indicator that is designed to track changes in volume over time. It is the
running total of volume calculated in such a way as to add the day's volume to
a cumulative total if the day's close was higher than the previous day's close
and to subtract the day's volume from the cumulative total on down days. The
assumption is that changes in volume will precede changes in price trend.
Another use of On Balance Volume (OBV) is to look at the trend in the indicator. A rising trend in the OBV gives sign of a healthy move into the security. A doubtful trend, or sideways trend in the OBV leaves price trend suspect and a candidate for a reversal of the trend. A falling OBV trend signals an exodus from the security despite price activity and leads to the caution that price may follow if it is not already. As indicated on the graphs above, look for divergences between the price and the OBV indicator. Divergences between the peaks warns of a potential fall in prices. Divergences between the troughs warns of a potential rise in prices. |
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| Triple Exponential | ||
| Triple Exponential is a momentum indicator that displays the percent rate-of-change of a triple exponentially smoothed moving average of the security's closing price. It is designed to keep you in trends equal to or shorter than the number of periods you specify. | ||
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| William %R | ||
| It is working by
identifying the overbought / oversold levels. The scale extends from 0 to
-100.The overbought level is considered 0 to -20, and oversold -70 to -100.As
a confirmation signal, we can wait for the indicator to cross the -50 line. It is important to remember that overbought does not necessarily imply time to sell and oversold does not necessarily imply time to buy. A security can be in a downtrend, become oversold and remain oversold as the price continues to trend lower. Once a security becomes overbought or oversold, traders should wait for a signal that a price reversal has occurred. One method might be to wait for Williams %R to cross above or below -50 for confirmation. Price reversal confirmation can also be accomplished by using other indicators or aspects of technical analysis in conjunction with Williams %R. One method of using Williams %R might be to identify the underlying trend and then look for trading opportunities in the direction of the trend. In an uptrend, traders may look to oversold readings to establish long positions. In a downtrend, traders may look to overbought readings to establish short positions. |
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| Accumulation / Distribution | ||
| The Accumulation/Distribution is a momentum indicator that associates
changes in price and volume. The indicator is based on the premise that
the more volume that accompanies a price move, the more significant the
price move. |
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| Moving Average (MA) | ||
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Moving averages are used to emphasize the direction of a trend and to
smooth out price and volume fluctuations. Typically, upward momentum is
confirmed when a short-term average crosses above a longer-term average.
Downward momentum is confirmed when a short-term average crosses below a
long-term average.. |
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| Simple Moving Average (SMA) | ||
| Simple Moving Averages (SMA) are used to help identify the trend of prices. By creating an average of prices, that "moves" with the addition of new data, the price action on the security being analyzed is "smoothed". The Simple Moving Average is simply an average of values over a specified period of time. | ||
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| Exponential Moving Average (EMA) | ||
| Exponential Moving
Average (EMA) is type of moving average that is similar to a
simple moving
average, except that more weight is given to the latest data. It is calculated
by adding a percentage of yesterday's
moving average to a percentage of
today's closing value. This type of moving average reacts faster to recent
price changes than a simple moving average. The 12- and 26-day EMAs are the
most popular short-term averages, and they are used to create indicators like
the moving average convergence divergence (MACD) and the percentage price
oscillator
(PPO). In general, the 50- and 200-day EMAs are used as signals of
long-term trends. |
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| Volatility Ratios | ||
| Average True Range
- The Average True Range indicator is used for determining the volatility of
the security. The idea is to replace the high - low interval for the given
period, as the high-low does not take into consideration gaps and limit moves. Chaikin's Volatility - Marc Chaikin measures volatility as the trading range between high and low for each period. This does not take trading gaps into account as Average True Range does. Aroon - The Aroon indicator system consists of two lines, 'Aroon(up)' and 'Aroon(down)'. It takes a single parameter which is the number of time periods to use in the calculation. Aroon(up) is the amount of time (on a percentage basis) that has elapsed between the start of the time period and the point at which the highest price during that time period occurred. If the stock closes at a new high for the given period, Aroon(up) will be +100. For each subsequent period that passes without another new high, Aroon(up) moves down by an amount equal to (1 / # of periods) x 100. |
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Fibonacci مؤشر فيبوناتشي |
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| مؤشر فيبوناتشي Fibonacci يقيس المسافة بين قاع و قمة أو بين قمة وقاع ويقسم هذه المسافة إلى عدة مستويات. التقسيمات الأكثر استخداماً هي 0% و 38.2% و 50% و 61.2% و 100% من المسافة صعوداً أو نزولاً.
وبناءً على نظرية المؤشر Fibonacci Retracements يتوقع أن يسترجع السهم مسافة الصعود أو النزول مع احتمالات الارتداد من عند إحدى هذه التقسيمات. أي عند مسافة أو مستوى 38.2% أو 50% أو 61.2% أو 100% وعليه تعتبر حواجز. (حواجز دعم أو مقاومة حسب الاتجاه الذي تسير عليه الموجة أو الحركة التالية للقمة أو القاع).
أي في الموجة الصاعدة، تكون التقسيمات من أسفل إلى أعلى 0% و 38.2% و 50% و 61.2% و 100% وفي الموجة التالية النزولية، تتغير نفس التقسيمات والمستويات لتقرأ من أعلى لأسفل: 100% و 61.2% و 50% و 38.2% و 0% . أي في الموجة النزولية، أو ما يصادفها هو مستوى 38.2% من مستوى استرجاع كامل صعود الموجة الصاعدة السابقة (مع العلم بأن نفس هذا المستوى كان اسمه مستوى 61.2% من مسافة صعود الموجة السابقة). وثم في حال استمرار النزول، فقد يصل إلى المستوى التالي الذي يعتبر مستوى استرجاع 50% من مستوى استرجاع كامل صعود الموجة الصاعدة السابقة (مع العلم بأن نفس هذا المستوى كان اسمه مستوى 50% من مسافة صعود الموجة السابقة). وإذا استمر النزول، فقد يصل إلى المستوى التالي الذي يعتبر مستوى استرجاع 61.8% من مستوى استرجاع كامل صعود الموجة الصاعدة السابقة (مع العلم بأن نفس هذا المستوى كان اسمه مستوى 38.2% من مسافة صعود الموجة السابقة). أي المستويات هي نفسها ولكن يتوقف كيف تنظر لها.
مؤشر Fibonacci في رسومات أسما هو مؤشر أوتوماتيكي تلقائي. أي ليس يدوي دقيق يستطيع المستخدم تحديد القمة أو القاع التي يريد قياس مسافتها. فهو يقيس المسافة بين آخر قاع وقمة أو العكس ويرسم خطوط النسب المئوية لذلك النزول أم صعود. وبافتراض أن تلك هي كانت آخر قاع أو قمة، يمكنكم توقع مستويات الاسترجاع حسب تسلسل النسب المذكورة أعلاه.
منعاً للالتباس، فقد رفعنا الرقم من هذه الخطوط وبقينا الخطوط لنفس المستويات.
كما نود التذكير بأن عليكم مد أو تقصير مدة احتساب المؤشر (وهو الرقم الذي يلي اسم المؤشر في الجدول) حتى يمتد أو يتقلص ليصل آخر قمة أو قاع ترغبون قياسه. |
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| Linear Regression Channels | ||
| A statistical
measure that attempts to determine the strength of the relationship between
one dependent variable and a series of other changing variables. Linear
regression uses one independent variable to explain and/or predict the
outcome. |
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| Zig Zag | ||
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Zig Zag is trend following indicator that helps define what the trend has been, and can be used as a significance test to help determine when changes in the current price might indicate when the trend of price might be changing. The zig zag indicators filters out changes in a data item that are less than a specific amount that you define. The ZigZag can be used to measure retracements. After an
advance, it is common for a security to retrace a portion of its advance with
a correction. After a decline, it is common for a security to retrace part of
its decline with a reaction rally. According to Dow Theory, 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3
retracements are most likely. Based on Fibonacci numbers, 38.2% or 61.8%
retracement levels are deemed significant. |
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| Price Oscillator (PPO) | ||
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An indicator which attempts to assess the momentum of price
activity by the use of two or more moving averages, for a predefined time
frame period. |
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| Support / Resistance | ||
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Support : The price level which, historically, a
stock has had difficulty falling below. It is thought of as the level at which
a lot of buyers tend to enter the stock. Often referred to as the "support
level". |
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| Chaikin Money Flow | ||
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Chaikin Money Flow - oscillator is calculated from
the daily readings of the Accumulation/Distribution Line. The basic premise
behind the Accumulation Distribution Line is that the degree of buying or
selling pressure can be determined by the location of the close relative to
the high and low for the corresponding period (Closing Location Value). There
is buying pressure when a stock closes in the upper half of a period's range
and there is selling pressure when a stock closes in the lower half of the
period's trading range. The Closing Location Value multiplied by volume forms
the Accumulation/Distribution Value for each period. |
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| Parabolic SAR | ||
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Parabolic Stop and Release (SAR) is a trend following indicator that is
designed to create a trailing stop. This is a point that follows a prevailing
trend, giving a possible value for a stop loss order that is far enough away
from the original trend to avoid being stopped out with a small consolidation
and retraction moves. The trailing stop moves with the trend, accelerating
closer to price action as time passes giving the path of the indicator a
parabolic look. When price penetrates the SAR a new calculation is started
taking the other side of the market with an initial setting that again allows
a certain amount of initial volatility if the trend is slow to get underway.
If the trend is up, buy when the indicator moves below the price. If the trend
is down, sell when the indicator moves above the price.
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| Ultimate Oscillator | ||
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Developed by Larry Williams and first described in a 1985
article for Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities magazine, the
"Ultimate" Oscillator combines a stock's price action during three different
time frames into one bounded oscillator. Values range from 0 to 100 with 50 as
the center line. Oversold territory exists below 30 and overbought territory
extends from 70 to 100. |
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| Bollinger Bands | ||
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Bollinger Bands are types of envelops that are
plotted at a fixed percentage above and below the moving averages. They are
calculated using standard deviations instead of shifting bands by a fixed
percentage. b. When the price moves outside the bands, a continuation of the trend in that direction is implied. c. Bottom/Tops that happen outside the bands and are then followed by Bottoms/Tops made inside the bands are usually and indication of a change and reversal in the present trend. d. Moves that originate at one band (Lower or
higher) tend to go all the way to the other band. This observation is useful
when forecasting price targets. |
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| Percentage Volume Oscillator | ||
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The Percentage Volume Oscillator (PVO) is the percentage
difference between two moving averages of volume. |
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| Envelopes | ||
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An envelope is comprised of two moving averages. One moving average is shifted
upward and the second moving average is shifted downward. . |
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| Money Flow Index (MFI) | ||
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(MFI) is a momentum indicator which it is volume-weighted, and is a measure of
the strength of money flowing in and out. It compares "positive money flow" to
"negative money flow" to create an indicator that can be compared to price in
order to identify the strength or weakness of a trend. It is calculated using
a 14 day period. . |
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| TRIX | ||
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TRIX is a momentum indicator that displays the percent rate-of-change of a
triple exponentially smoothed moving average of the security's closing price.
It is designed to keep you in trends equal to or shorter than the number of
periods specified. It can be used to anticipate turning points in a trend
through its divergence with the security price. TRIX line crossovers with its
"signal line" can be used as buy/sell signals as well. . |
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| AROON | ||
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Aroon is an indicator system that can be used to determine whether a stock is
trending or not and how strong the trend is.The Aroon indicator system
consists of two lines, 'Aroon(up)' and 'Aroon(down)'. When Aroon(up) and Aroon(down) are moving lower in close proximity, it signals that a consolidation phase is under way and no strong trend is evident. When Aroon(up) dips below 50, it indicates that the current trend has lost its upward momentum. Similarly, when Aroon(down) dips below 50, the current downtrend has lost its momentum. Values above 70 indicate a strong trend in the same direction as the Aroon (up or down) is under way. . |
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| Keltner Channel | ||
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A volatility based 'envelope' indicator that measures the movement of stocks in
relation to an upper and lower moving-average band. This indicator, named after
Chester W. Keltner, is used by sophisticated investors to predict the trend of the
market. An overbuy occurs when prices move above the upper band, and an oversell
occurs when prices move below the lower band
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| Chaikin's Volatility | ||
| Marc Chaikin measures volatility as the trading range between high and low for each period. This does not take trading gaps into account | ||
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| Accumulation Swing Index | ||
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The Accumulation Swing Index (ASI) is a cumulative sum of the Welles Wilder’s Swing
Index indicatorThe Accumulative Swing Index, based on the Swing Index, is a swing
or wave system used to capitalize on breakout patterns. ASI is commonly used to
confirm trendline breakouts on price charts.
ASI was developed by Welles Wilder, Jr. as a simple swing system (even though the calculation itself is relatively complex), with signals generated by breakouts past previous highs or lows in the index. Trendlines drawn on the ASI chart are also used to confirm or deny trendline breakouts on a price chart. Any divergence between the Index and price should also be noted. |
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| Directional Movement Index | ||
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Directional movement is a system for providing trading signals to be used for price
breaks from a trading range. The system involves 5 indicators which are the Directional
Movement Index (DX), the plus Directional Indicator (+DI), the minus Directional
Indicator (-DI), the average Directional Movement (ADX) and the Directional movement
rating (ADXR). The system was developed J. Welles Wilder and is explained thoroughly
in his book, New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems . The basic Directional Movement Trading system involves plotting the 14day +DI and the 14 day -DI on top of each other. When the +DI rises above the -DI, it is a bullish signal. A bearish signal occurs when the +DI falls below the -DI. To avoid whipsaws, Wilder identifies a trigger point to be the extreme price on the day the lines cross. If you have received a buy signal, you would wait for the security to rise above the extreme price (the high price on the day the lines crossed). If you are waiting for a sell signal the extreme point is then defined as the low price on the day's the line cross. |
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| Chaikin Money Flow | ||
| Developed by Marc Chaikin, the Chaikin Money Flow oscillator is calculated from the daily readings of the Accumulation/Distribution Line. The basic premise behind the Accumulation Distribution Line is that the degree of buying or selling pressure can be determined by the location of the close relative to the high and low for the corresponding period (Closing Location Value). There is buying pressure when a stock closes in the upper half of a period's range and there is selling pressure when a stock closes in the lower half of the period's trading range. The Closing Location Value multiplied by volume forms the Accumulation/Distribution Value for each period. | ||
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| BIAS | ||
| Show the distance of close and moving average. | ||
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| Detrended Price Oscillator | ||
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Detrended Price Oscillator compares closing price to a prior moving
average, eliminating cycles longer than the moving average. The real power of the Detrended Price Oscillator is in identifying turning points in longer cycles: When Detrended Price Oscillator shows a higher trough - expect an upturn in the intermediate cycle; When Detrended Price Oscillator experiences a lower peak - expect a downturn. |
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| Accumulation/Distribution | ||
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The Accumulation/Distribution is a momentum indicator that associates
changes in price and volume. The indicator is based on the premise that
the more volume that accompanies a price move, the more significant the
price move. |
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| Momentum | ||
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The Momentum is simply the difference between the current point (price
or something else) and the point N periods ago. Usage: The rising line signals that the uptrend is getting stronger, the horizontal line at zero level means there is no trend, and falling line means the downtrend is getting stronger. The momentum can be used for identifying trends, overbought/oversold conditions and divergences. |
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| Fast Stochastic | ||
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The Stochastic Oscillator is a measure of the relative momentum of
current prices to previous closing prices within a given interval. When
it is plotted, it is two lines that move within a range of 0 and 100.
Values above 80 are considered to be in overbought territory giving an
indication that a reversal in price is possible. Values below 20 are
considered oversold and again are an indication that a reversal of the
price trend is a higher risk. In a strong trending environment, the
Stochastic Oscillator can stay in overbought or oversold territory for
some time while price continues in a single direction. In relation to a
longer term price trend environment, the stochastic provides little
interest. In its construction it is meant to relate the current periods
momentum to the most recent previous periods of momentum in price in an
attempt to identify periods where momentum may be easing or increasing.
The easing (at a top) or increase (at a bottom) of momentum occurs at
reversal points for the price trend being measured. However changing
momentum also occurs during times when there is no change in the overall
trend in prices and should be understood as a period when a reversal in
price trend is possible but not guaranteed. |
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| MASS Index | ||
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The Mass Index was designed to identify trend reversals by measuring the
narrowing and widening of the range between the high and low prices. As this
range widens, the Mass Index increases; as the range narrows the Mass Index
decreases. The Mass Index was developed by Donald Dorsey. |
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| Vertical Horizontal Filter | ||
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Vertical Horizontal Filter (VHF) was created by Adam White to identify
trending and ranging markets. VHF measures the level of trend activity,
similar to ADX in the Directional Movement System. Trend indicators can then
be employed in trending markets and momentum indicators in ranging markets. Vary the number of periods in the Vertical Horizontal Filter to suit different time frames. White originally recommended 28 days but now prefers an 18-day window smoothed with a 6-day moving average. |
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